Publication Repository

Gráspurvurin - trúfasti grannin

ABSTRACT (FAROESE): Hóast hann hevur veingir, so heldur gráspurvurinn seg fyri tað mesta innan fyri eitt øki við einum radius uppá einans 700 m. Av teimum 2.167 gráspurvunum, sum higartil eru merktir í Føroyum, eru allar fráboðanirnar komnar aftur í Føroyum og einans tvær úr aðrari bygd enn henni, har gráspurvarnir upprunaliga vórðu merktir. Sostatt er gráspurvin er ein tann støðufastasti búfuglurin, sum er í Føroyum

Gráspurvurin - trúfasti grannin

KEYWORDS: House sparrow, passer domesticus

Kennir tú botnin?

ABSTRACT: A new bathymetry for the Faroe Shelf shows features, which are not apparent in older maps. One example is the Guttagrynnan, which is in the new maps is revealed to be a ridge, and we may also change our understanding of the ice sheet under the last ice age. The new map are a result of depth data collection during many years, including the service of the research vessel Magnus Heinasson.

Kennir tú botnin?

ABSTRACT (FAROESE): Nýggj botnkort vísa, at havbotnurin mangan staðni er øðrvísi enn gomlu kortini hava givið okkum eina fatan av, - eitt nú er Guttagrynnan ein ryggur, og kanska mugu vit broyta hugsan um seinastu ístíð. Nýggju kortini er úrslit av áralangari dátu innsavnan við m.ø. rannsóknarskipinum Magnusi Heinassyni.

Kennir tú botnin?

KEYWORDS: Bathymettry, maps

P-wave velocity distribution in basalt flows of the Enni Formation in the Faroe Islands from refraction seismic analysis

ABSTRACT: The main objective of this work is to establish the applicability of shallow surfaceseismic traveltime tomography in basalt-covered areas. A densely sampled ∼1300-m long surface seismic profile, acquired as part of the SeiFaBa project in 2003 (Japsen et al. 2006) at Glyvursnes in the Faroe Islands, served as the basis to evaluate the performance of the tomographic method in basalt-covered areas. The profile is centred at a ∼700-m deep well. VP, VS and density logs, a zero-offset VSP, downhole-geophone recordings and geological mapping in the area provided good means of control. The inversion was performedwith facilities of the Wide Angle Reflection/Refraction Profiling program package (Ditmar et al. 1999). We tested many inversion sequences while varying the inversion parameters. Modelled traveltimes were verified by fullwaveform modelling. Typically an inversion sequence consists in several iterations that proceed until a satisfactory solution is reached. However, in the present case with high velocity contrasts in the subsurface we obtained the best result with two iterations: first obtaining a smooth starting model with small traveltime residuals by inverting with a high smoothing constraint and then inverting with the lowest possible smoothing constraint to allow the inversion to have the full benefit of the traveltime residuals. The tomogram gives usable velocity information for the near-surface geology in the area but fails to reproduce the expected velocity distribution of the layered basalt flows. Based on the analysis of the tomogram and geological mapping in the area, a model was defined that correctly models first arrivals from both surface seismic data and downhole-geophone data.

P-wave velocity distribution in basalt flows of the Enni Formation in the Faroe Islands from refraction seismic analysis

KEYWORDS: Full waveform, Ray tracing, Shallow seismic, Tomography, Velocity analysis.

Vikings, merchants and pirates at the top of the world: Y-chromosomal signatures of recent and ancient migrations in the Faroe Islands

ABSTRACT: The Faroe Islands are a small archipelago in the North Atlantic Ocean. With a current population of approximately 48,000 individuals and evidence of high levels of genetic drift, the Faroese are thought to have remained highly homogeneous since the islands were settled by Vikings around 900CE. Despite their geographic isolation, however, there is historical evidence that the Faroese experienced sporadic contact with other populations since the time of founding. Contact with Barbary pirates in the seventeenth century is documented in the Faroes; there is also the possibility of modern migrations to work in the highly productive fishery. This study set out to distinguish the signal of the original founders from later migrants. Eleven Y-chromosomal STR markers were scored for 139 Faroese males from three geographically dispersed islands. Haplotypes were analyzed using Athey's method to infer haplogroup. Median-joining networks within haplogroups were constructed to determine the phylogenetic relationships within the Faroese and between likely parental populations—Danish, Irish, and Norwegians. Dispersal patterns of individuals around Faroese haplogroups suggest different times of haplotype introduction to the islands. The most common haplogroup, R1a, consists of a large node with a tight network of neighbor haplotypes, such that 68% of individuals are one or two mutational steps away. This pattern may represent the early founder event of R1a in the Faroes. Other distributions, especially of non-Scandinavian haplotypes, document more recent introductions to the islands. The overall pattern is one of a strong founder effect followed by minor instances of later migrations.

Vikings, merchants and pirates at the top of the world: Y-chromosomal signatures of recent and ancient migrations in the Faroe Islands

KEYWORDS: Y-chromosomal signatures, Faroe Islands, Origine

Opacity in Finnish

ABSTRACT (FAROESE): Eg fari her at vísa á, at tað, við at nýta Optimality Theory, ber til at mynda tað, sum í klassiskari, generativari málgransking verður rópt eitt millumliggjandi lag. Hetta verður gjørt við at nýta. Sympathy Theory, og verður hetta víst við dømum úr finskum.

Opacity in Finnish

KEYWORDS: Opacity, Finnish, Optimality Theory, Sympathy Theory, opasitetur, finskt, optimality teori, sympati teori

"Mia-Malua...mín knáa"

ABSTRACT: This short paper discusses the sequence mid-high/low vowel + -a in Faroese dialects. With regard to <á-a> and , we observe pronunciation with a high vowel in Tórshavn, even also in Klaksvík. This happened originally when the words in question occurred under sentence-stress. In Suðuroy and Eysturoy no such high pronunciation is observed, while Vágar has a diphthong. Then there are un-expected dialect-forms. These are found in Vágar and Suðuroy. It could be the case that these speakers converge their speech to the Tórshavn-dialect, but this is a matter that needs further investigation. It is difficult to say for sure if there will be an accommodation to the main-dialects (meaning Tórshavn), as the dialects on the Faroe Islands still stand very strong.

"Mia-Malua...mín knáa"

KEYWORDS: Faroese dialects, hiatus, glide insertion, raising of vowels

Food and feeding habits of cod (Gadus morhua L.) on the Faroe Bank

ABSTRACT: Data from ten bottom surveys on the Faroe Bank during the years 1994–1998 are used to describe the feeding habits of cod on the Faroe Bank. Cod are clearly omnivorous in their diet. Overall, fish were found in 82% of the stomachs, accounting for 59% of the food by weight, but just 35% of the food items by number. Of the fish, lesser sandeel was the most common, making up 78% of the fish biomass consumed. Cannibalism was practically non-existent. In some years, the squid Loligo forbesi formed an important component of the diet, was the main food and identified in up to 64% of the stomachs, and constituting 60% by weight of the diet; in other years, it was a negligible part. Crustaceans were found in 48% of the stomachs, accounting for 16% by weight but as much as 44% by numbers. The diet of cod shifts ontogenetically, with stomach fullness greater and nutrient quality of prey higher for cod ,70 cm.

Food and feeding habits of cod (Gadus morhua L.) on the Faroe Bank

KEYWORDS: cod, condition factor, diet, Faroe Bank, Gadus morhua, stomach contents, stomach fullness index (SFI), temporal variation

Environmental impacts of coastal fish farming: carbon and nitrogen budgets for trout farming in Kaldbaksfjørður (Faroe Islands)

ABSTRACT: Flow of organic carbon (OC) and nitrogen through a sea cage trout farm was calculated on the basis of detailed studies of the farming operation, water circulation, OC and nutrient transport and recycling processes in sediment. A third of the OC and nitrogen provided by fish food was incorporated into fish biomass, which is more than has been found in previous studies. Most OC input was respired by the fish (52 to 70%), and ~63% of the associated nitrogen was lost as dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), potentially stimulating pelagic primary production. Approx. 6% of carbon and 5% of nitrogen derived from fish food settled on the seabed, where it was either mineralized or accumulated in the sediment. Based on transect measurements of diagenetic activity, the farm footprint was found to cover an area ~10 times the farm area. OC mineralization in the sediment increased linearly with increasing food input; the divergence between carbon efflux and oxygen uptake in sediment likewise increased with increasing food input, reflecting an increasing level of sediment reduction. Directly below the farm, the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) efflux was high (on average 53% of dissolved inorganic carbon efflux), indicating that DOC efflux is an important pathway for benthic carbon release below aquaculture farms. Overall, microbial processes removed 56 and 38% of OC and nitrogen, respectively, that settled to the seabed. ­During a 39 d break in farming activity, due to the combined effect of mineralization and resuspension of surface sediment, sediment conditions improved considerably.

Environmental impacts of coastal fish farming: carbon and nitrogen budgets for trout farming in Kaldbaksfjørður (Faroe Islands)

KEYWORDS: Fish farming, Sediment, Organic enrichment, Nutrient enrichment, Organic matter mineralization, Carbon budget, Sedimentation, Benthic recovery, P_GAN

On the energy potential in the tidal streams on the Faroe Shelf

ABSTRACT: Based on validated results from a high resolution numerical simulation of the tidal currents on the Faroe Shelf 15 locations are identified as potential for harnessing the energy in the tidal streams. The total available mean energy flux in transects through these locations is estimated to be of order 2GW. Of this 209–780MW is in areas with depths larger than 40m and peak velocities above 2.5m/s, where the lower estimate is for the mean tide and the higher estimate is with 8 constituents included in the assessment. Approximately half of the total energy flux is in the Skopunar- Hestfjords system. However, also the southern Leirviksfjord, Svinoyarfjord, the area south of Akraberg and Vestmannasund shows high potential. By lowering the criteria on the peak velocities to 2.0m/s then large areas in particular the Suðuroyar- and Dimunarfjords, on the Munkagrunnur, west of Mykines and of the headland Mýlingur also becomes potential. In order to get an indication of the impact, which a future extraction of tidal stream energy may have on the tidal currents, simulations are performed, where tidal stream energy is extracted from some of the potential sites. In these experiments tidal stream turbines are installed in areas deeper than 40m and the original peak velocities are exceeding 2.5m/s. The main changes are reduced current strength in the wake and in the front of the installed turbine parks, and enhanced currents along the flanks. In general the influence outside the affected straits is small, but some effects is seen in particular areas both close to and distant to the affected straits.

On the energy potential in the tidal streams on the Faroe Shelf

ABSTRACT (FAROESE): Grundað á valideraðum úrslitunum frá einari numeriskari simulering av sjóvarfallinum, eru 15 høvuðsøkir á Landgrunninum eyðmerkt at hava eitt sjóvarfalsrák, sum er møguligt at vinna orku burturúr. Samlaði miðal orkuflutningurin í skurðum ígjøgnum hesi økini er mettur til at verða umleið 2GW. Við at taka 2-8 sjóvarfalskonstituentar við í metingarnar, vísa úrslitini, at 209-780MW er á økjum, har dýpi er størri enn 40m og harðasti broddur er harðari enn 2.5m/s. Serliga er tað Skopunar- og Hestfirðirnir, sum tykist at hava fleiri orkurík økir, men eisini sunnanlaga í Leirvíksfirði, Svínoyarfjørður, suður úr Akraberg og Vestmannasund tykjast áhugaverd. Um krav til harðasti broddur verður lækkað til at verða harðari enn 2.0m/s so verða stór økir serliga í Suðuroyar- og Dímunarfirðirnir, á Munkagrunninum, vestur úr Mykines and úr Mýlingi eisini áhugaverd. Model simuleringar, har orka verður tikin úr á nøkrum av eyðmerktu støðunum, eru gjørdar. Í hesum simuleringunum eru turbinulundir settar í økir, har dýpið er størri enn 40m og rákið á harðasta broddinum upprunaliga er harðari enn 2.5m/s. Tær størstu broytingarnar eru spakari rák í sundinum framman og aftanfyri turbinurnar, men harðari rák í økjunum framvið turbinunum. Sum heild eru broytingarnar uttanfyri ávirkaðu sundini sera smáar, men tó eru nøkur økir bæði beint við hesi sundini og longri burturi, sum verða nakað ávirkaðar.

On the energy potential in the tidal streams on the Faroe Shelf

KEYWORDS: Tides, energy, numerical modelling, P7050

Sjóvarfalrákið á Munkagrunninum í 2012

ABSTRACT: The relative current strength and times for slack and maximum currents in year 2012 is estimated from a timeseries obtained from a moored current meter in 1982 on the Munkagrunninum on the Faroe Shelf.

Sjóvarfalrákið á Munkagrunninum í 2012

ABSTRACT (FAROESE): Klokkutíðirnar fyri brodd og kyrrindir á mátistaðnum og streymkurvan fyri ár 2012 er roknað út frá streymátingum, sum Fiskirannsóknarstovan gjørdi á Munkagrunninum í 1982.

Sjóvarfalrákið á Munkagrunninum í 2012

KEYWORDS: Tides, Munkagrunnur